intelexualmedia

The Nineties: American X

Published: February 24th 2025, 9:42:04 pm

Fear and mystery abounded in the 1990s.

Sources and Further Reading

• Stiffed: The Roots of Modern Male Rage (Sudan Faludi)

• America In The Nineties (Nina Esperanza Serrianne)

• 1995: The Year The Future Began (W. Joseph Campbell)

• Partisans: The Conservative Revolutionaries Who Remade American Politics in the 1990s  (Nicole Hemmer)

• The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (Naomi Klein)

• The Red and The Blue: The 1990s and the Birth of Political Tribalism (Steve Kornacki)

• The Naughty Nineties: Triumph of The American Libido (David Friend)

• The Age of Clinton: America in the 1990s (Gil Troy)

• The Nineties (Chuck Klosterman)

• The Roaring Nineties: The History of The World's Most Prosperous Decade (Joseph E Stiglitz)

• The Postmodern Presidency: Bill Clinton's Legacy in US Politics (Steven Schier)

• The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics (Bruce J Schulman)

• The 1970s: A New Global History From Civil Rights to Economic Inequality (Thomas Borstelmann)

• Fault Lines: A History of The United States Since 1974 (Kevin Kruse and Julian E. Zelizer)

• The Other Eighties: A Secret History of America in the Age of Reagan (Bradford Martin)

• The Age of Reagan: A History (1974-2008) Sean Wilentz

• Morning In America: How Ronald Reagan Invented The 1980s (Gil Troy)

• Back To Our Future: How The 1980s Explain The World We Live in Now-- Our Culture, Our Politics, Our Everything (David Sirota)

• Conservatives in Power: The Reagan Years, 1981-1989, A Brief History With Documents (Meg Jacobs and Julian E Zelizer)

• Living In The Eighties (Edited by Gil Troy and Vincent J Cannato)

• A People's History of The United States (Howard Zinn)

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/24/science/as-biosphere-is-sealed-its-patron-reflects-on-life.html?scp=1&sq=As%20Biosphere%20Is%20Sealed,%20Its%20Patron%20Reflects%20on%20Life%20&st=cse&pagewanted=all

https://www.newspapers.com/image/166157421/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/123014681/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/247252772/?clipping_id=155392423

https://ecotechnics.edu/biosphere-2/

https://biosphere2.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/B21216_Press_09_TimeLife02lo.pdf

https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/long-strange-trip-ed-bass/

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/sunday-review/biosphere-2-climate-change.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/29/magazine/the-brave-new-world-of-three-parent-ivf.html#:~:text=In%20August%201996%2C%20at%20St,cytoplasm%20from%20another%20woman's%20egg.

https://web.archive.org/web/20111118065827/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987455-2,00.html

https://www.newspapers.com/image/407888129/

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/28/home/022597sci-clone-ethics.html

https://www.npr.org/1997/02/28/1011287/lamb-clone-asteroid-evidence

https://www.history.com/news/dolly-the-sheep-cloning

https://thenonviolenceproject.wisc.edu/2022/09/08/capitol-crawl/

https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/capitol-crawl-for-ADA/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/170128301/

https://www.wired.com/1997/07/longboom/

https://www.drurban.info/uploads/2/4/4/9/24492964/culture_of_fear.pdf
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-sep-13-ca-22149-story.html

https://www.healthyplace.com/gender/inside-intersexuality/the-true-story-of-john-joan

https://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/1961to1999/1997-sex-reassignment.html

https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,972865,00.html

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Fishman/time-behar.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/08/talk-radio-made-todays-republican-party/596380/

https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgd4dw/a-magazine-from-1997-is-selling-for-thousands-of-dollars-online-because-of-qanon

https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/share/1fd2d7ae-10d8-474b-9bf1-d1558af697be

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/15/us/tobacco-chiefs-say-cigarettes-aren-t-addictive.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1996/02/why-americans-hate-the-media/305060/

https://www.wired.com/1999/01/amish/

https://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-amish-20110515-story.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/us/rustic-life-of-amish-is-changing-but-slowly.html

https://www.wired.com/1999/01/amish/
https://www.newspapers.com/image/564710615/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/564024019/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/565533832/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/527788329/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/347244929/

https://www.wired.com/1997/09/msnbc-cancels-the-site/

https://web.archive.org/web/20090212234217/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E5DE113BF930A25752C1A960958260

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/15/magazine/it-s-you-know-about-opinions-and-stuff.html 

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/04/us/04kevorkian.html

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/chronology.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20180109181108/http://bioethics.miami.edu/research-and-clinical-ethics/terri-schiavo-project/timeline-of-key-events/part-1/index.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20060106010646/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/11/08/Tampabay/Schiavo_s_wishes_reca.shtml

https://www.christianitytoday.com/1992/04/politics-bringing-in-votes/

https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a44127444/pat-robertson-christian-conservative-profile-700-club/

https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-war-on-murder-sharon-tate-and-the-victims-rights-movement/

 https://www.ncjrs.gov/ovc_archives/ncvrw/2005/pdf/historyofcrime.pdf

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/05/21/the-rise-of-the-victims-rights-movement

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-07-03-mn-20779-story.html

https://www.newspapers.com/image/159226797/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/746977079/

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/article/2024/may/10/laramie-project-matthew-shepard-murder-gay-hate-crime-wymoning

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-feb-10-la-me-pizzathief10-2010feb10-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-03-03-me-38444-story.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/05/us/25-years-for-a-slice-of-pizza.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/05/us/political-correctness-new-bias-test.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/11/weekinreview/world-taboos-globally-speaking-like-politics-all-political-correctness-local.html

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/02/16/the-brand

https://www.themarshallproject.org/2022/05/26/the-1990s-law-that-keeps-people-in-prison-on-technicalities

https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2023-04-28/lucasville-legacy-a-historic-deadly-prison-riot-prompted-changes-in-ohios-lockups

https://apnews.com/article/d59df1b907b34bdeaabf8f95eadc8552

https://www.wosu.org/2023-04-11/30-year-anniversary-lucasville-prison-riot-violence-mud-pit

https://www.acluohio.org/sites/default/files/2013_0315LayersOfInjusticeLucasville.pdf

https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/things-remember-about-the-lucasville-prison-riot-years-later/OOZzf7iPcYnlEKF0wZ8mAM/

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/12/the-prison-industrial-complex/304669/

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/04/us/execution-texas-overview-divisive-case-killer-two-ends-texas-executes-tucker.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-09-mn-6616-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20110519084643/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/women/tucker/1.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20190515023439/http://www.cnn.com/US/9802/03/tucker.world/

https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/in-depth/the-death-penalty-in-black-and-white-who-lives-who-dies-who-decides

https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/stories/history-of-the-death-penalty-timeline

https://www.economist.com/moreover/1999/05/13/the-cruel-and-ever-more-unusual-punishment

https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/act500101996en.pdf

https://static.prisonpolicy.org/scans/bjs/cp98.pdf

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/execution/readings/texas.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/24/nyregion/studies-find-death-penalty-tied-to-race-of-the-victims.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/06/10/retired-justice-changes-stand-on-death-penalty/9ccde42b-9de5-46bc-a32a-613ae29d55f3/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/01/25/pro-death-penalty-but-chivalrous-texans-debate-fate-of-karla-faye-tucker/a21c62bf-5c89-4df9-bbda-6ed714a5311b/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/643990121/

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1998/11/16/issue.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/03/us/former-philadelphia-prosecutor-accused-of-racial-bias.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag2I-L3mqsQ

 https://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_06_1_cantor.pdf

https://www.jstor.org/stable/432310

https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/01/the-sisterhood-of-the-traveling-pantsuit-on-the-fashion-evolution-of-dana-scully/426549/

https://seejane.org/research-informs-empowers/the-scully-effect-i-want-to-believe-in-stem/

https://time.com/vault/issue/1995-04-03/page/74/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1995/09/17/x-files-signs-of-intelligent-life/

https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1993/01/22165151/p34.pdf

https://www.appstate.edu/~bromanfulksj/Blackmore%20-%20Abduction%20or%20sleep%20paralysis.pdf

https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/04/04/close-encounters-of-the-chilling-kind-nightmares-or-real-some-out-of-this-world-stories-of-alien-abductions/

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/10/world/2-jovial-con-men-demystify-those-crop-circles-in-britain.html

https://www.thebulwark.com/p/the-last-time-there-was-a-craze-about-ufos-and-aliens

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgrist.org%2Fliving%2Fthe-x-files-conspiracy-theories-and-the-90s-the-inconvenient-truth-is-out-there%2F&psig=AOvVaw0I4WFSmq0ZyqJRKSfX2GRx&ust=1724169354138000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBcQjhxqFwoTCIjuxsC1gYgDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

https://longreads.com/2018/06/05/when-the-real-world-gave-up-on-reality/

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/aliens/johnmack.html

https://www.newspapers.com/image/811363451/

https://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article228923744.html

https://www.bmsg.org/resources/publications/issue-8-the-debate-on-gun-policies-in-u-s-and-midwest-newspapers/

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/17/us/gunman-kills-22-and-himself-in-texas-cafeteria.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/20/weekinreview/dead-23-texans-and-1-anti-gun-measure.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/18/us/portrait-of-texas-killer-impatient-and-troubled.html

https://people.com/archive/a-texas-massacre-vol-36-no-17/

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1993/05/08/issue.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/12/nyregion/tormented-life-special-report-long-slide-privilege-ends-slaughter-train.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/08/nyregion/lawyer-snubs-suspect-in-rail-shootings.html

https://www.salon.com/1997/05/08/media_90/

https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/04/style/the-very-long-legs-of-girls-gone-wild.html?pagewanted=all

https://variety.com/2002/tv/news/wild-informercial-struts-its-stuff-1117876991/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/202563038/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/504554109/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-15-mn-20116-story.html

https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/december-2022/stable-relationship/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/739798261/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-13-mn-192-story.html

https://trmoblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/welcome-to-the-jungle.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20070220082505/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972865,00.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-25-re-30750-story.html

https://www.twincities.com/1999/06/06/stockpilers-prepare-quietly-for-y2k-arrival/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-25-re-30750-story.html

https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1999/06/05/no-computers-here-y2k-readiness-expo-pitching-survival/62240031007/

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/15/us/tobacco-chiefs-say-cigarettes-aren-t-addictive.html

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/settlement/timelines/fullindex.html

http://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/master-settlement-agreement.pdf

https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/01/31/banning-lyon-guide-psychiatric-hospital/

http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920724&slug=1503707

https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/13/style/a-rough-ride.html

https://onlineexhibits.library.yale.edu/s/sellingsmoke/page/sellingsmoke

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-11-19-mn-58514-story.html

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/wigand-60-minutes-most-famous-whistleblower/

https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/25/us/the-supreme-court-court-opens-way-for-damage-suits-over-cigarettes.html

https://www.newspapers.com/image/278711240/

https://www.newspapers.com/image/204564064/

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/15/us/hospital-chain-said-to-settle-fraud-case-for-300-million.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/29/business/hospital-chain-sets-guilty-plea.html%20%5bnytimes.com%5d

https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/13/opinion/youre-sane-now.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20121223040215/http://battelle.org/docs/default-document-library/economic_impact_of_the_human_genome_project.pdf

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMsa043266

https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/epdf/10.1176/ps.2007.58.5.642

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/freud-fluoxetine/202003/the-story-prozac-landmark-drug-in-psychiatry#:~:text=By%201990%2C%20much%20to%20Lilly's,(see%20Shorter%2C%202013).

https://crimereads.com/panic-like-its-1999-analyze-this-the-sopranos-and-mob-men-in-therapy/

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/magazine/the-science-and-history-of-treating-depression.html

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5303a1.htm#:~:text=During%201990%2D%2D1998%2C%20mortality,women%20(%2D%2D1.3%25%2Fyear).

https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.11.2258

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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/01/31/banning-lyon-guide-psychiatric-hospital/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/06/30/psychiatric-hospital-group-to-pay-record-fine/320a2bac-815d-4ac8-ac2f-4818c3aa1dcf/

https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/Health/story?id=1386737&page=1&singlePage=true

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https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/chronology.html

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain?_sp=79650142-ae56-45b2-a603-94f7b7a197c2.1730154321601

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https://www.annualreviews.org/docserver/fulltext/publhealth/36/1/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957.pdf?expires=1730156192&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A99AE4357E6517DE88CD3B78B31A7543

https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2012/04/sopranos-oral-history

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/29/business/hospital-chain-sets-guilty-plea.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/24/us/10-texas-psychiatrists-sue-ex-patients-over-fraud-accusations.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2690298/

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/20/us/boy-is-healthy-without-drug-for-hiv-mother-says.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-mar-10-me-passings10-story.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/12/31/the-heat-cools-on-asbestos-removal/2a503c84-3b0a-4b4e-bf54-8dd40312c589/

https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1988/06/06/70623/index.htm

https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/25/magazine/the-asbestos-mess.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-15-hm-1582-story.html

https://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/more-metals/lead-versatile-metal-long-legacy/

https://www.mesothelioma.com/lawyer/legislation/asbestos-ban/

https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.9903

https://web.archive.org/web/20050313022440/http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/atmos/statecli/General/1995Chicago.htm

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https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-23-me-20197-story.html

https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1999/01/10/dumping-in-paradise/

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/05/us/reagan-s-twilight-a-special-report-a-president-fades-into-a-world-apart.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-10-mn-33609-story.html

https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/rush-limbaugh-dead-trump-ruined-america-1129222/

https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/03/opinion/journal-summer-of-matthew-shepard.html

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/dominicholden/these-brave-women-won-the-first-same-sex-marriage-court-case

https://abc13.com/paul-broussard-andrew-edmonson-david-sanders-jon-buice/10865735/

https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Man-convicted-in-Montrose-gay-murder-freed-on-6728569.php

https://politicalresearch.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/Resisting-the-Rainbow-Full-Report_0.pdf

https://www.newspapers.com/image/440968509/

https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/catalog?f%5Bcollection_name_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Brandon+Teena+Collection&f%5Bsubject_geographic_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Falls+City

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/01/13/the-humboldt-murders

https://web.archive.org/web/20091010163946/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/LAW/04/05/mcveigh.internet/index.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/22/mcveigh.usa

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1382540.stm
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/oklahoma/bg/mcveigh.htm

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/20/us/oklahoma-city-building-was-target-of-plot-as-early-as-83-official-says.html

https://www.csmonitor.com/1995/0426/26191.html

https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1995/05/25/elohim-city-leader-blames-lunatic-fringe-for-blast/62389535007/

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/20/us/oklahoma-city-building-was-target-of-plot-as-early-as-83-official-says.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/18/us/james-nichols-dead-oklahoma-city-bombing.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/oklahoma/stories/ok042597.htm

https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/oklahoma/bg/mcveigh.htm

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/11/us/letter-of-resignation-sent-by-bush-to-rifle-association.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/05/us/gun-network-mcveigh-s-world-special-report-bomb-suspect-felt-home-riding-gun.html

https://www.facebook.com/okcmemorial/photos/opened-in-1977-the-alfred-p-murrah-federal-building-was-a-hub-of-public-service-/1001544395350446/?_rdr

https://www.newspapers.com/image/774539958/

https://www.chicagotribune.com/1997/11/23/gods-team/

https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,977958,00.html

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-waco/

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